PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS: A FUTURESTIC APPROACH

This paper is to know about the meaning of passive optical network`s and its architecture. It explains the different types of passive optical networks and its uses for the present as well as future of the communication. Passive optical networks provide the huge bandwidth for the data transmission for triple play (video-voice-data) simultaneously. Requirement for the high speed communication networks is the high bandwidth for the data transmission without interruption. Passive optical networks provide this facility very effectively.

Read More

Isolation and screening of thermophilic lignolytic bacterial strains for lignin degrading enzymes

In the present investigation, total twenty two thermophilic lignolytic bacterial cultures were isolated from various sources using Nutrient Agar (NA) and Minimal Salt Medium (MSM) medium with Lignin Alkali (1.0 g/L) by incubating at pH 7 and 50°C for 48 hrs. These isolates were characterized by special reference to their ability towards wide temperature, pH resilience and generation of thermophilic enzymes. For the screening and studying lignin degrading potential, these microbes were grown on MSM agar plates with Methylene Blue dye (0.25g/L). After the incubation time of 48 hrs, these plates were observed for clear (halo) zones form around the streaked strain. Only 5 strains were showing such clear (halo) zones which indicates their potential for degrading lignin.  These screened isolates were then used for further experimental work. 

Read More

Assessment of Water Quality using Pollution-Index in the study stretch of River Chambal, India

The present study is intended to ascertain the quality of water for public consumption and other life supporting activities by way of assessing pollution indices such as Carlson’s trophic state index (C-TSI), eutrophication index (EI), organic pollution index (OPI) and comprehensive pollution index (CPI).The study has been carried out for ten different sites in River Chambal of Madhya Pradesh, India, during pre and post-monsoon 2014. This paper deals with the study on – “How environmental parameters impacts/affects the quality of river water”. In this study, four pollution indices have been determined on the basis of 16physico-chemical parameters, which indicates that the River Chambal  comes under the category of clear (CPI<0.8), oligotrophic (C-TSI<30-40), no eutrophication (EI<1) and excellent water quality (OPI<0). Results also show that the river water is suitable for irrigation and life supporting for flora and fauna. With slight treatment, the water can be made available for drinking as well. The present study shows that EI and OPI index are the best parameters to assess water quality since it gives precise results based on four water quality parameters.

Read More

Comprehensive Review on Enabling Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) in Diesel Engines

The demand for higher fuel economy and lower exhaust gas emissions of CI engine cannot be achieved by just using mechanically governed fuel injection systems. The electronically operated fuel injection system is the heart of a CI engine and has become one of the essential technologies to control critical in the recent years. High computing power of microcontrollers has made it possible for controlling injection of fuel electronically at any injection pressure, any crank angle and for any duration during the engine operation. A newer concept of RCCI operation further reduces the particulate matter and NOx emission to almost zero level with slightly higher BTE. Hence, there is a need to discuss the performance, combustion and emission of RCCI engine fuelled with alternative fuels and this paper presents an exhaustive review on these aspects. 

Read More

A literature Review on physiotherapeutic interventions for airway clearance in COPD patients

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is internationally preferred term encompassing chronic bronchitis, asthma and emphysema. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction with breathing-related symptoms such as chronic cough, exertional dyspnea, expectoration, and wheeze. These symptoms may occur in conjunction with airway hyper responsiveness and may be partially reversible. Obstructive lung disease includes Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma, Bronchiectasis and Cystic fibrosis. The result of the present narrative review concluded the effectiveness of Active cycle of breathing technique, Diaphragmatic breathing exercise along with Postural drainage in Chronic Obstructive lung disease in order to achieve the significant improvement and hasten the recovery of the patients.

Read More

A Comparative study on Glucose Levels in Serum and Saliva of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Individuals at Mullana Area

The present study intends to compare and correlate serum & salivary glucose level in healthy & diabetic individuals. A total of 500 subjects were examined, of which 429 were healthy & 71 were confirmed diabetics. Post–prandial blood and salivary samples were analyzed. Mann-Whitney test using Pearson correlation was applied, which was statistically significant (P < .001).  To conclude, glucose concentration in saliva is higher in diabetics than in healthy individuals. Moreover the changes in serum glucose concentration are followed by the changes in salivary glucose concentration. Thus saliva can be used as an adjunct diagnostic tool in diabetes mellitus.

Read More

Zirconium Antimonoarsanotungstate Zr[SbAsW]: Synthesis and Characterization

Abstract: In the present research work we concentrated on the structure elucidation of new hetero polyacid salts: Zirconium  Antimonoarsanotungstate  Zr[SbAsW] salt synthesized at variable pH using sol-gel route. An instrumental technique, FTIR was used to assign the structural aspects to the compound. Physical characterization involves the determination of ion exchange capacity and maximum value for this parameter is 0.40mg/eq. Distribution coefficient values showed that the synthesized compound is preferentially selective for Cu²⁺ ion. Membrane composition where ZrSbAsW was 40% showed linearity in the range of 1.0x10^-4 M to 1.0x10^-1 M with a slope of 20.0 mV/decade taking 10-¹ M as an internal solution. Above instrumental and analytical studies gave a picture of  Cu²⁺ selective electron-active moiety to the synthesized compound.

Read More

Chemistry of Oxomolybdenum compounds having Schiff bases

Schiff base compounds are excellent ligands due to their rich coordination chemistry with transition metal ions. This paper consists the study of the coordination compounds of dioxomolybdenum(VI) ions with different Schiff bases. These coordination compounds have wide applications in agricultural, industrial and pharmaceutical chemistry. These coordination compounds have been characterized on the basis of various physio-chemical techniques like IR, mass, reflectance, ¹H NMR, X-ray and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Thermal techniques such as TGA and DTA are also used for the study of these compounds.

Read More

Health benefits of symbiotics: A review

Prebiotic and probiotics when used simultaneously are termed as symbiotic. Various prebiotics like fructooligosaccharide, inulin, polysaccharides are there in the in the market also they are obtained from the natural origin like leeks, onions, garlic, aloe-vera, wheat, asparagus, jerusalem artichoke and chicory. Probiotics includes various lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains and certain yeast like saccharomyces boluradi. These products confer health benefits to the hosts when taken in adequate amounts. Normal dose for probiotics depends upon number of colony formed by the microorganism in the region where it is required to be used. There are certain beneficial effects which includes treatment of various types of diarrhea, hyperlipidemia, irritable bowel syndrome, colon cancers etc.

Read More

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY- AN ESSENTIAL APPROACH FOR STRONG NATION BUILDING

Introduction: Women empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual, political, social or economic strength of women in diversified streams. It involves the empowered developing confidence in their capacities. It’s a multidimensional social process that helps women to gain control over their own lives and give contribution in strong nation building by their knowledge and skills in various fields of science and technology. Women are becoming aware of their rights and trying best to improve and upgrading their intellectualism & positive value assertion to create own definition of herself and view herself as a complete human being with strong liberal values without any gender discrimination. Science and Technology have been an integral part of Indian civilization and culture. Over the years Indian women have overcome the traditional mind-sets and have excelled in professions like teaching, medicine, engineering, information technology, biotechnology, nuclear science, space science and many such specialized fields in the domain of science and technology. Their contribution to socio-economic development as employer and employee, getting recognized and honored in public, private sectors.

Conclusion: In a related way, attention to women's concerns has helped to reveal the value of cognitive diversity in the scientific process. The human intellectual repertoire consists of many styles and many ways of organizing the production of knowledge. The scientific method can be enhanced by our appreciation of the wealth of intellectual resources to be gained by valuing and promoting cognitive diversity.

Read More

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Injection Timing, Carburetor Type and Exhaust Gas Recirculation on CI Engine Fuelled With Diesel–Compressed Biogas and Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester–Compressed Biogas

Energy is the basic stamina for economic growth of any country and also it carries same weightage to keep the environment free from pollution for the better health of all human beings. So to harness energy it is very much necessary to be depend on renewable energy instead of conventional fuels which conjointly helps to reduce emissions, increase human welfare in terms of self-entrepreneurship, avoiding foreign exchange by reduced consumption of petrol, diesel, CNG, LPG, nuclear fuel etc. among many available energy sources biogas also carries the high importance. Production, purification and storing of biogas at high pressure in cylinders can be made utilized in automobile sectors and also for the electrification in the rural areas. In the present study, an experimental work had been carried out to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine by varying the injection timing, carburetor type, EGR when fuelled with Diesel–CBG and ROME–CBG at 80% and 100% load. From the test results it was observed that, maximum brake thermal efficiency, maximum peak pressure and lower emissions were found at 27° bTDC injection timing, carburetor type-2 (CRB2) and 10% EGR.

Read More

Analysis of various iron nanoparticles and compounds in pulp & paper mill waste water treatment

The pulp and paper industry waste water is characterized by dark color, foul odour, high organic content & extreme quantities of COD, BOD & chlorinated compounds. These impurities removed by chemical precipitation using ferric chloride and iron nanoparticles. Today iron nanoparticles used for detection and removal of chemical and biological substances include metals, nutrients and chlorinated organic compounds. Iron nanoparticles reveal good result than other chemical techniques used in pulp and paper mill effluent treatment. Iron nanoparticles are widely used in contaminated with chlorinated organic compounds. In present study two samples of pulp & paper mill effluent treated with FeCl₃ & iron nanoparticles. It was observed that the concentration of FeCl₃ in the sample was high but treatment was less effective while the concentration of iron nanoparticles used in other sample was very low but the treatment was very effective. Iron nanoparticles are highly reactive because of their large surface area, In the presence of oxygen & water they rapidly oxidize to form free iron ions and this treatment process is environmental friendly.

Read More

Experimental investigation on the performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine fuelled with various blends of Water Melon biodiesel

In the present study, an experimental work had been carried out to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine fuelled with various blends of Water melon biodiesel. The engine tests are conducted on kirloskar, 5.2 kW, 4-stroke, single cylinder, 1500 rpm, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine with eddy current dynamometer with injection timing 23° bTDC and injection pressure 210 bar were maintained constant throughout the experiment. Different blends of biodiesel such as B0, B20, B40, B60, B80 and B100 are prepared to analyze the performance and emission characteristics. From the test results, it could be observed that among different blends B20 blend showed very close performance with the neat diesel.

Read More

Antibacterial studies of 3-substituted chromone derivatives.

A series of 3-substituted chromone derivatives have been synthesized. All of the synthesized compounds have been characterized from their spectral data and tested their antibacterial activity against both gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria. The activity results revealed that all the compounds examined displayed good activity against all the pathogenic bacterial strains studied with zone of inhibition 16-20 mm and MIC values in the range of 50–100 µg/mL as compared to the standard used.



via Integrated Research Advances An Interdisciplinary Journal

River formation dynamics routing protocol for wireless mesh network

Routing in WMNs is the very critical component because of its dynamic nature. The routing rules enlarged for WMNs and build it self -organized system. We have to find the smallest near path evaluation within a specified time. Thus, requiring some nature inspired approaches which provide “good enough” results in a reasonable computing time. Basically in this paper proposes a Cost Evaluation module for integrated cost measurement in terms of some parameters. These parameters comprises per node as well as per flow parameters. We apply River Formation Dynamics approach based on nature inspired computing to evaluate shortest distance near paths. RFD is executed using Network Simulator (NS2). The performance results of this approach are compared with the AODV and DSR. The conclusion reveals that RFD technique performs better than AODV and DSR.


via Integrated Research Advances An Interdisciplinary Journal

Spectrophotometric Determination of Vanadium(V) in Traces using Solvent Extraction Technique”

A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective extractive method of spectrophotometric determination of vanadium(V) using 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran (CHMPB) as a new complexing reagent has been developed. A 1:2 yellow V(V) – CHMPB complex is formed at 425 nm in CH₃COOH medium which is extractable into toluene and is stable for more than 6 hrs. The formed complex shows Beer’s law validity in the range  0.0-2.4 µg V ml^-1 with a molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of 1.73 x 10⁴ l mol^-1 cm^-1 and 0.0033 µg V cm^-2, respectively at 425 nm. The method has good reproducibility , is free from the interference of a large numbers of elements and applied successfully to various synthetic and industrial samples including reverberatory flue dust and water samples.



via Integrated Research Advances An Interdisciplinary Journal